Exploration of the experiences of working stressors and coping strategies associated with menstrual symptoms among nurses with shifting schedules: a Q methodology investigation

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Exploration of the experiences of working stressors and coping strategies associated with menstrual symptoms among nurses with shifting schedules: a Q methodology investigation

The essence and workload of nursing can easily lead to burdens associated with female nurses’ menstrual symptoms, and consequently, result in decreased working performance. Without effective support, this can lead to resignation due to maladaptation. This study adopted Q methodology to explore the experience of working stressors and coping strategies associated with menstrual symptoms among nurses with shifting schedules. 

Trouble-free menstrual cycles are considered an indicator of reproductive health. However, menstrual discomfort, a common gynecological complaint among women, results in cyclical symptoms burden. Large-scale research indicates that most women (74%) suffer from menstrual symptoms. Repeat occurrences of menstrual symptoms can significantly disrupt women’s daily life and social functioning, reduce their ability to perform work-related tasks, and decrease their quality of life. A large-scale study of Japanese females estimated the annual economic burden of menstrual symptoms as approximately US$8.6 billion.

 A systematic review revealed that the annual cost of direct and indirect treatment for menstrual symptoms was $12–36 billion. Within one year after the diagnosis of primary or secondary dysmenorrhea, the average total medical expenditure is $1,916 US and $2,465 US, respectively. Menstrual symptoms are associated with work-related stress, and occupational stress increases physiological arousal during workdays in contrast to off-days. Nursing care involves both physically and emotionally demanding work. A national-wide survey revealed that menstrual pain was significantly associated with control at the workplace, social support from coworkers, and job security. Some scholars propose that changes in menstrual function may influence shift workers’ intolerance toward working demands.

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